0:$a = $b = 1:$a = 9 $b = 4 0:$a = 9 $b = 4 1:$a = 3 $b = 4 2:$a = 8 $b = 4 3:$a = 8 $b = Hello 4:$a = 8 $b = Hello There! ARRAY OPERATORS: array(2) { ["a"]=> string(5) "apple" ["b"]=> string(6) "banana" } array(3) { ["a"]=> string(4) "pear" ["b"]=> string(10) "strawberry" ["c"]=> string(6) "cherry" } Union of $a and $b: array(3) { ["a"]=> string(5) "apple" ["b"]=> string(6) "banana" ["c"]=> string(6) "cherry" } Union of $b and $a: array(3) { ["a"]=> string(4) "pear" ["b"]=> string(10) "strawberry" ["c"]=> string(6) "cherry" } Union of $a += $b: array(3) { ["a"]=> string(5) "apple" ["b"]=> string(6) "banana" ["c"]=> string(6) "cherry" }